[1]牛婷婷,汪永平.西藏寺庙建筑平面形制的发展演变[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(社会科学版),2011,30(03):29-34.
 Niu TingtingWang Yongping.The Evolution of Tibetan Temples Plane Form[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology(Social Science Edition),2011,30(03):29-34.
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西藏寺庙建筑平面形制的发展演变()
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西安建筑科技大学学报(社会科学版)[ISSN:1008-7192/CN:61-1330/C]

卷:
30
期数:
2011年03期
页码:
29-34
栏目:
建筑文化
出版日期:
2011-06-30

文章信息/Info

Title:
The Evolution of Tibetan Temples Plane Form
文章编号:
1008-7192(2011)03-0029-06
作者:
牛婷婷汪永平
(南京工业大学,江苏 南京 210009)
Author(s):
Niu TingtingWang Yongping
(College of A&U of Nanjing University of TechnologyNanjing Jiangsu 210009)
关键词:
藏传佛教 寺庙 模仿 定型
Keywords:
Tibetan buddhism temple imitateion fixed form
分类号:
TU-098.3
文献标志码:
A
摘要:
寺庙建筑在西藏地区的发展分为三个时期:萌芽期、发展期和成熟期,通过一系列的实例,以平面形制为出发点,探讨了藏传佛教寺庙建筑的发展历程。萌芽期主要是吐蕃王朝时期,佛教由大唐和尼泊尔同时传入藏地,寺庙建筑作为外来建筑形式,经历了从无到有的过程,并且受到了来自汉地、印度和尼泊尔等佛教文化发达地区建筑文化的影响,此时的寺庙建筑平面形式以对印度寺庙的模仿为主;发展期主要是后弘期开始的前四五百年时间,随着佛教文化与藏地文化的融合,藏传佛教寺庙建筑逐渐有了自己的雏形,就是“前堂后殿”和“前堂侧殿”形式的出现;伴随着格鲁派的发展壮大,寺庙形式趋于成熟定型,三段式的平面布局,“前堂后殿”式成为平面形制的主流。
Abstract:
This article divided the development of temples in Tibet into three periods: rudiment, development and maturity, through a series of examples, take plane shapes as the starting point, to discuss the evolution process of Tibetan Buddhist temple buildings. Rudiment period was almost at Tubo Dynasty, when Buddhism was introduced from Tang Dynasty and Nepal at the same time, as a foreign architecture form, temples experienced the process from scratch, and were influenced by the architectural culture from Tang Dynasty, India and Nepal which were the Buddhist culture developed areas, the temple’s pattern was an imitation of the Indian temple; Development period was during in the first 400-500 years in the late development period of Tibetan Buddism, with the integration of the Buddhist culture and the Tibetan culture, Tibetan Buddhist temples gradually had their own shapes, there was the court in front and the buddist hall in back, or the court in front and the buddist hall in side; As the development of the Gelupa, temples had their own mature fixed form, there were three parts of the plane, and the main form pattern was the court in fornt and the buddist hall in back

参考文献/References:

[1]. 恰白·次旦平措,诺章·吴坚,平措次仁著.西藏通史·松石宝串[M].拉萨:西藏社会科学会,中国西藏杂志社,西藏古籍出版社,2004(2):187[2]. 恰白·次旦平措,诺章·吴坚,平措次仁著.西藏通史·松石宝串[M].拉萨:西藏社会科学会,中国西藏杂志社,西藏古籍出版社,2004(2):189[3]. 索南坚赞著.西藏王统记[M].刘立千译注.北京:民族出版社,2002:137[4]. 宿白.藏传佛教寺院考古[M].北京:文物出版社,1996(1):3[5].拔塞囊著.拔协译注(增补版)[M].佟锦华,黄布凡译注.成都:四川民族出版社,1990:28 [6].达仓宗巴·班觉桑布著.汉藏史集[M].陈庆英译.拉萨:西藏人民出版社,1986:224

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[2]牛婷婷.简析藏传佛教格鲁派寺庙的分布发展[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(社会科学版),2016,35(06):62.[doi:10.15986/j.1008-7192.2016.06.012]

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:
基金项目:国家自然科学基金(50678082)(收稿日期:2011-01-04作者简介:牛婷婷(1982-),女,安徽巢湖人,南京工业大学建筑学院博士研究生,研究方向为建筑遗产保护与理论。对于桑耶寺修建的具体年代,史学界一直颇有争议,这里参考的年代来源于刘立千先生对索南坚赞所著《西藏王统记》一书的注释。“佛、法、僧”是佛教三宝,佛宝指圆成佛道的本师释迦牟尼佛;法宝指佛的一切教法,包括三藏十二部经、八万四千法门;僧宝指依佛教法如实修行、弘扬佛法、度化众生的出家沙门。也有人认为,具备神权统治、经律教义和严密组织是“三宝”俱齐。
更新日期/Last Update: 2015-09-08