试析西藏黄教四大寺的布局特征-西安建筑科技大学学报（社会科学版）

文章信息/Info

Title:: An Analysis of the Layout Features of Four Great Gelug Monasteries of Buddhism in Tibet

摘要:: 通过对西藏黄教四大寺建筑历史的追溯,探讨了寺庙布局发展的历程,总结分析了每座寺庙的布局特征:甘丹寺沿山坳呈扇形的发散模式;哲蚌寺建筑群以高等级建筑为中心,形成了由内向外的发展趋势;色拉寺以道路为中轴,新旧区域划分明确;连续七座的金顶建筑构成了扎什伦布寺的序列中心。在相同的历史背景和宗教背景下,四大寺的建筑布局有一定的共性,以一种类似细胞组织自然发展的方式向外扩张;同时,由于每座寺庙所处的地理条件的差异,建筑布局又各有不同,但总的来看,都是因地制宜,顺应环境,实现了与自然的和谐共生。

Abstract:: This essay reviewed the architectural history of temples, and investigated the layout evolution of the four main temples. Besides, the essay also summarized the characteristics of each temple. Gandan Monastery is fan-shaped divergent trend along the col; the high level building at the centre of Derpung Monastery, forming the temple development from inside to outside; Sera Monastery takes the central road as the axis, zoning the mew and old areas; consecutive 7 golden dome buildings constitute the sequence center of Tashilhunpo Monastery.Under the same historical and religious background, the layout of the four temples had qualities in common, and it expanded through a nature way like the cell ‘s expansion.; at the same time, because of the differences in geographical locations, each temple had their own layout characteristics, overall , the four temples were all according to local conditions, adapting to the environment, achieving a harmonious coexistence with nature.