“白银货币化”抑或“货币白银化”——明清时期货币变动再探讨

(华中师范大学 国家文化产业研究中心, 湖北 武汉 430079)

白银货币化; 货币白银化; 明清时期; 货币变动; 计量白银化

“Silver Monetization” or “Currency Made of Silver”——A further discussion on the currency changes in Ming and Qing Dynasties
ZHANG Shuai-qi

(National Research Center for Cultural Industries, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China)

silver monetization; currency made of silver; the Ming and Qing Dynasties; currency changes; statistical silveration

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2020.06.007

备注

明清时代货币变动的重要特征是明中期以降的白银社会化崛起。明初政府以行政手段构建宝钞为主、铜钱为辅的社会货币体系崩溃后,非合法化货币白银逐步获得国家与民间社会的双重认可,促使白银货币化日益加速。但明中后期所形成的“银钱并行”或“银钱兼权”格局,很大程度上是白银作为国家财政收支体系与民间社会交易的一种统计标准,同时承认铜钱作为社会经济中辅助性货币角色,二者共同构成国家财赋“计量白银化”标准。

One of the important features of currency change during the Ming and Qing dynasties was the rise of the socialization of silver since the mid-Ming. At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty the government constructed administratively a social monetary system in which banknotes(Baochao)are the mainstay and copper coins the supplement. After the collapse of this system, silver used as currency illegally has gradually accepted by both the state and civil society, thus accelerating the monetization of silver. In fact the structure of monetary system with silver currency and copper coins in parallel legal price is formed in the middle and late Ming Dynasty. To a large extent, silver is a statistical standard for the national fiscal revenue and expenditure system and the transactions in civil society, and at the same time, the role of copper coins is adopted as an auxiliary currency in social economy. Both of them constitute the standard of “statistical silveration” for the national finances and taxes