国家公园管理机制法治化的域外经验和中国启示<div><br /></div>-西安建筑科技大学学报（社会科学版）

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Title:: Foreign Experience and China’s Inspiration of the?Management Mechanism Legalization for National ParksYANG Yonghai

文章编号:: 1008-7192(2024)03-0092-09

作者:: 杨永海; (山东大学法学院，山东青岛 266237)

Author(s):: YANG Yong-hai; (School of Law, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China)

关键词:: 国家公园; 管理机制; 法治化; 域外经验; 中国启示

Keywords:: national park; management mechanism; legalization; foreign experience; China’s inspiration

分类号:: D922.6

DOI:: 10-15986/j-1008-7192-2024-03-012

文献标志码:: A

摘要:: 国家公园是人类社会保护珍贵自然和文化遗产的智慧方式之一。目前我国缺乏国家层面的国家公园正式立法指导，如何建立科学合理的国家公园管理机制成为亟待解决的问题。我国国家公园建设既需要与国际接轨，又应符合中国国情。通过比较研究方法，借鉴美国的自上而下垂直管理、保护第一原则，加拿大的中央集权和地方自治相结合、公众参与机制，德国的地方自治、分区管理，新西兰的专司保护、特许经营等域外典型国家的国家公园管理法治化经验，我国的国家公园建设发展今后应当在《国家公园法（草案）》基础上，从建立统一的国家公园准入标准和程序，建立兼顾“统一性”“积极性”的中央集权管控下的分级管理体系，确立“绿水青山就是金山银山”的生态保护第一原则，明确“全民公益性”的国家公园财政资金保障机制等方面作出努力。

Abstract:: Building national parks is one of the smart ways for human societies to protect their precious natural and cultural heritage. At present, there is a lack of formal legislative guidance on national parks at the national level in China, so how to establish a scientific and reasonable management mechanism for national parks has become an urgent problem to be solved. The construction of China’s national parks should be in line with not only international standards, but also China’s national conditions. Based on the comparative study, it is suggested to learn from the experience of the legalization of national park management of typical foreign countries such as the topdown vertical management and protection first principle of the United States, the combination of centralization and local autonomy and public participation mechanism of Canada, the local autonomy and regional management of Germany, the special protection and franchise management of New Zealand and others. The future construction and development of China’s national parks should obey the National Park Law (Draft) with the efforts on the establishment of a unified national park access standards and procedures, a hierarchical management system under centralized control that take into account of “unity” and “initiative”, and the first principle of ecological protection that “lucid water and lush mountains are invaluable assets” so as to clarify the financial fund guarantee mechanism “public welfare for all” for national parks.

相似文献/References:

[1]徐雷,陈静,刘莉.我国国家公园特许经营存在问题及法律对策研究——以公益性与营利性的法律关系为分析视角[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(社会科学版),2021,40(03):65.[doi:10.15986/j.1008-7192.2021.03.010]
　XU Lei,CHEN Jing,LIU Li.A Research on Problems and Legal Countermeasures in the Concession Management of National Park of China——An analysis from the perspective of the legal relation between commonweal and profitability[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Architecture & Technology(Social Science Edition),2021,40(03):65.[doi:10.15986/j.1008-7192.2021.03.010]

西安建筑科技大学学报（社会科学版）[ISSN:1008-7192/CN:61-1330/C]

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