《神曲》与《资本论》“地狱”意象比较

(安徽科技学院 人文学院,安徽 凤阳,233100)

但丁; 马克思; 《神曲》; 《资本论》; 地狱

An Imaginery Comparison of “Hell” in The Divine Comedy and Das Capital
HE Jian-wei

(School of Humanities, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China)

Date; The Divine Comedy; Das Capital; “Hell”; Marx; Humanistic Spirit

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2018.04.013

备注

但丁结合基督教传说与古希腊文化传统,在《神曲·地狱篇》中塑造出对各种罪恶施以惩戒的地狱,揭示佛罗伦萨的乱象,表达赞美理性、尊重人性、崇尚和平的人文思想。马克思以地狱指称资本主义现代工厂,揭示资本吸血鬼的真实面目,表达对底层无产者的人文关怀。与但丁的地狱相比,工厂“地狱”中的资本吸血鬼更残忍,苦役更残酷,受罪人数更多,并且都是无辜者,工人的身体畸形与智力退化更是超出了但丁的想象。马克思以地狱喻指资本主义大工业生产绝非夸张,但丁的地狱之旅只有一天,马克思则“下地狱”研究政治经济学数十年,马克思“下地狱”经历也表明其人文精神的坚定。

Combining the Christian legends with ancient Greek culture, Dante creates his inferno for imposing punishment to all sorts of evils in The Divine Comedy, Vol.1(Inferno), which exposes the chaotic phenomenon of Florence and embodies his humanistic thought of the praise of rationality, the respect for human nature, and the advocation of peace. Using “Hell” to refer to the modern factories of capitalism, Marx reveals the true nature of capital vampire and shows his humanistic care to the proletarians at bottom. Unlike Dante's inferno, there were more cruel capital vampires, much harder work, and more innocent sufferers in the hell-like factories, and also the workers' physical deformities and mental degradation are far beyond the imagination of Dante. However it is not exaggerating for Marx to use “Hell” to symbolize the large scaled industrial manufacture of capitalism. The journey of Date to the hell is just a day, but Marx dedicates himself to studying the political economy in hell-like situation for decades, which suggests his steadfast humanities spirit.

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