从“骄傲的英国自耕农”到“农业短工”——马克思关注莎士比亚的一个视角

(安徽科技学院 人文学院,安徽 凤阳 233100)

莎士比亚; 马克思; 自耕农; 农业工人; 人文关怀

From “the Proud Yeomanry of England” to “the Agricultural Laborers”——A perspective from which Marx pays attention to Shakespeare
HE Jian-wei

(College of Humanities, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang 233100, China)

Shakespeare; Marx; yeomanry; agricultural laborer; humanist care

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2018.05.012

备注

莎士比亚笔下的“自耕农”形象具备经济独立、自尊勇敢等特点,在历史上长期以来也是保卫英国领土完整的力量。在资本主义大工业进程中,这一阶层沦为马克思著作中极端贫困的“农业工人”,他们超负荷劳动,身体畸形,且精神空虚沦落。马克思对农业工人的高度关注,鲜明表现其经济学中的人文关怀。马克思引用莎士比亚的独特视角,对于我们今天研读莎士比亚不无启示。

The yeomanry, whose image in Shakespeare's play is characterized of financial independence, self-pride, bravery, and so on, is the force to safeguard the territorial integrity of UK. However, in the process of the large-scale industrialization of capitalism, they become the impoverished agricultural laborers who are discussed in the Marx' work as their bodies are abnormal and their minds are vacant by overworking. The high attention to the “agricultural laborer” by Marx indicates obviously the humanist care in his economics and the unique perspective he cites from Shakespeare's, which would enlighten us in reading Shakespeare's work.