乡土建筑遗产的保护利用研究

(西北大学 文化遗产学院,陕西 西安 710069)

乡土建筑; 断代; 遗产价值; 保护利用

A Study on the Protection and Utilization of Vernacular Architecture Heritage
LAI Zhen-min

(School of Cultural Heritage, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China)

the vernacular architecture; dating; heritage value; protection and utilization

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2019.02.003

备注

乡土建筑是地处乡村,延用所在地传统建筑风格、工艺、材料,与地域文化和地理环境紧密相连,反映中国传统农耕文明的相关建筑遗迹。对乡土建筑的断代、遗产价值、存在的问题和原因、保护利用进行阐述,指出乡土建筑的断代需要文字资料与建筑实物相结合。乡土建筑是中国几千年农耕文明历史的实物见证,蕴含着丰富而精美的艺术价值,其选址和布局体现科学价值,是优秀社会文化价值的载体,具有重要的生态价值。乡土建筑存在的主要问题有大量消失或保存现状堪忧、保护路径差、村民在乡土建筑的保护利用中参与度低、利用上存在过度旅游和过度商业化倾向。保护乡土建筑要整体全面、动态有机、分级分类、有村民参与。研究提出应从作为居住功能进行使用、充分挖掘文物类乡土建筑的文化价值、保障当地居民在乡土建筑利用中受益等方面利用乡土建筑。

The vernacular architecture, a non renewable cultural heritage, witnesses Chinese agricultural civilization of thousands of years. The article elaborates the vernacular architecture about its concept, dating, heritage value, protection and utilization and other issues. Located in the countryside and closely associated with the regional culture, the vernacular architecture is the traditional architectural heritage reflecting Chinese farming civilization, which should be dated according to the mutual verification of written data and real building objects. As for the value evaluation of the vernacular architecture, an all-round consideration should be taken in its historical, artistic, scientific, social and ecological values. The protection of the vernacular architecture, which is comprehensive, dynamic and organic, should be classified and participated with villagers. The utilization should be based on the premise which is favorable to protection, and the residential function of this type of buildings should be continued partially. At the same time, it is necessary for the vernacular architecture to play a positive role in improving the living standards of villagers, inheriting traditional culture and realizing the overall revitalization of the countryside.