论生态环境损害赔偿中政府的角色定位

(西安建筑科技大学 文学院,陕西 西安 710055)

生态损害赔偿; 政府角色; 法律定位; 实践错位; 协商行政

On the Government Role in the Compensation for Ecological Environmental Damage
HAN Cui-ping, LI Hong-mei

(School of Literature, Xi'an Univ.of Arch.&Tech, Xi'an 710055 China)

compensation for ecological damage; government role; legal positioning; misalignment in practice; consultative administration

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2019.03.010

备注

政府作为赔偿权利人是实现生态环境损害赔偿的逻辑起点,法律对生态环境损害赔偿政府的角色定位为民事主体,但索赔过程中政府行政主体身份一直存在,导致政府行政和民事双重主体角色的转换在一定程度上对制度的改革发展造成诸如行政权与司法权混淆、生态环境利益与其他利益难以均衡以及损害司法公平审判精神等实践错位。政府基于自然资源国家所有权理论提起的生态环境损害赔偿是环境行政执法的继续与补充。以“协商行政说”为出发点对生态环境损害赔偿中政府角色定位进行理性思考,发现不仅需要赋予政府责令赔偿生态环境损害的职能、建立生态环境损害赔偿磋商监督机制,还需法院依职权能动中立,调整当事人双方不平衡的程序主体状态以保障审判公平,唯有此才能促使生态环境损害赔偿制度改革不断完善。

Government, the right holder of compensation, is the logical starting point for realizing the compensation for ecological environment damage and the government role in this caze is defined as the civil subject by law. However, given the administrative subject of the government always exists in the process of compensation claim, the transformation of its dual agents of both administration and civil subjects causes misalignments in the practice of the systematical reform and development to certain extent. For instance, the administrative power is always confused with the judicial power so it is difficult to balance the interests of ecological environment with other interests and the spirit of fair trial is undermined. The paper argues that on account of the national ownership for natural resources, the compensation for ecological environment damage raised by the government is the continuation and supplement of environmental administrative law enforcement. Based on the theory of consultative administration, this paper makes a rational reflection on the role definition of the government in the compensation for ecological environment damage and thus finds that it is important to endow the government with the function of ordering compensation and establish the consultation and supervision mechanism for ecological environment damage compensation. Besides, the courts, dynamic and neutralaccording to their functions and powers, are expected to adjust the unbalanced procedural subject status of both parties to ensure the fairness of the trial. Only in this way can the reform of the compensation system for ecological environmental damage be improved continuously.