论风险刑法视阈下的污染环境罪——起源、鉴戒与重新界定

(福建师范大学 法学院,福建 福州 350117)

风险社会; 风险刑法; 刑法象征化; 污染环境罪; 抽象危险犯

On the Offense of Environmental Pollution from the Perspective of Risk Criminal Law——Cause, warning and reconstruction
BAO Bo

(Law School, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, China)

risk society; risk criminal law; symbolization of criminal law; offense of environment pollution; abstract dangerous crime

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2020.01.012

备注

环境犯罪起源于风险社会理论,以刑法进行规制会导致条文内涵的抽象化与前置化,从而成为刑罚扩张的论据。为避免刑法陷入象征化危机,法益的范围应受到限制。德国刑法对环境污染犯罪的规定罹于象征化,在国内也有类似的呼声,值得修法警惕。我国的污染环境罪经过多次修订,表现了立法者对于抗制犯罪的忧虑。但在理论上需要重构,应当坚持双重的法益关联论,且将其定性为抽象危险犯,法益的扩大化趋势需要坚持与罪刑法定原则与比例原则等刑法基本原则相统一,在立法模式上采取刑法典和附属刑法的双轨制。

Given the environmental criminology originates from the theory of risk society, the regulation of criminal law will lead to an abstraction and preposition of the article's connotation and become the argument of penalty expansion. In order to avoid the symbolic crisis of criminal law, the scope of rechtsgut(legally protected interest)should be limited. This is a cautionary issue worth paying attention to in the amendment of law, for the provisions of German criminal law on environmental pollution crime are emblematic and there are similar appeals in China. After several revisions, the definition of the offense of environmental pollution in China shows legislator's anxiety about criminal prevention and control. However it is necessary to reconstruct the theory by holding on the dual relevance theory of legal interests and defining it as abstract dangerous crime. The expansion trend of legal interest needs to be consistent with the basic principles of criminal law, such as the principle of legality and the principle of proportionality. In the legislative mode, we should adopt the dual system of both criminal law and accessory criminal law.