基金项目:平昌县重点调研项目“川东北地区农村环境污染与防治问题研究”
作者简介:唐学军(1990-),男,四川文理学院四川革命老区发展研究中心实习研究员,硕士,研究方向为民族地区经济与法治问题、农村资源开发与环境保护; 陈晓霞(1989-),女,四川文理学院党委宣传部助教,硕士,研究方向为汉藏双语及方言、语言生态学。E-mail:18142304761@163.com
DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2020.05.010
通过对四川省巴中市20个行政村的自然生态环境进行实地走访和问卷调查,并对走访记录和调查问卷进行系统整理分析,梳理出以下两类问题:第一类,农业存在的环境问题,包括农药等化学品导致的土壤污染,养殖及生活污水导致的水污染,落后的能源利用模式导致能源浪费和空气污染。第二类,农村存在的环境问题,包括农民生产和生活方式落后,生态环境保护观念落后,农村生态环境保护制度缺失,因农村生态环境保护资金投入少而导致的农村环境问题加剧,农村生态环境保护机构缺失和环境保护人员的欠缺。针对农业和农村生态环境保护存在的问题,提出以下建议:第一,加大宣传,提高农村居民的生态环境保护意识。第二,完善农村生态环境保护的基础设施,并配备专门环卫人员进行管理。第三,加快推进农村生态环境保护立法,为农村生态环境保护保驾护航。第四,增加农村生态环境保护资金投入,进一步拓宽资金来源渠道。第五,转变农村社会经济发展模式,大力发展生态绿色农业。
Presently more and more attention is paid to urban ecological environment protection, while the natural ecological environment in rural areas is getting worse and worse, which has seriously restricted the implementation of rural socio-economic development and Rural Revitalization Strategy. Based on the systematical sorting and analysis of the field visits and questionnaires about the natural ecological environment in 20 administrative villages in Bazhong City, Sichuan Province, the paper finds out two types of problem as follows. Firstly, environmental problems in agriculture involve the soil pollution caused by chemicals such as pesticides, the water pollution due to aquaculture and domestic sewage, and the energy waste and air pollution resulting from backward energy utilization mode. The second category is the environmental problems in rural areas, including the backward production and life style of farmers, the backward concept of ecological environment protection, the lack of rural ecological environment protection system, the aggravation of rural environment on account of the lower capital investment in rural ecological environment protection, and the agency and personnel shortage of rural ecological environment protection. In view of the problems existing in the protection of agriculture and rural ecological environment, the paper puts forward following suggestions as: firstly, increasing publicity to strengthen the rural residents' awareness of ecological environment protection, secondly, providing special sanitation personnel in management to perfect the infrastructure of rural ecological environment protection, thirdly, accelerating the protection legislation to ensure the rural ecological environment protection, fourthly, further expanding the sources of funds to increase the investment in rural ecological environment protection, and finally, striving to develop ecological green agricultureto change the mode of rural social and economic development vigorously.