DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2021.06.005
“阑额月梁造”是典型的江南建筑特征。明清晋东南风土民居中也保有着大量“阑额月梁造”的做法,但形制风格与明清江南地区的做法迥异。晋东南风土民居中的“阑额月梁造”应是对宋金建筑古制的传承与保留。通过梳理大量使用“阑额月梁造”的木构实例,认为这一做法起源于中国江南,在12世纪已流行于中原地区的官式建筑中并远播山西,但最终未能融入北方官式建筑的匠作体系而消失于元明时期。相反晋东南地方风土建筑积极地吸收了这一来自江南的做法,并将其沿用至明清。此外,在溯源晋东南民居中“阑额月梁造”做法的同时,进一步探讨了江南及汴梁建筑技术北传的过程与方式以及宋金之际中原官式建筑的面貌。
As a typical Jiangnan architectural feature, Lan'e Yueliang Zao was a very common practice in the folk houses in Southeast Shanxi during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but the form and style differed from that in the Ming and Qing residences in Jiangnan region. Lan'e Yueliang Zao in the folk houses in Southeast Shanxi should be the inheritance and preservation of the ancient architecture structure of the Song and Jin Dynasties. By sorting a large number of wooden structures of Lan'e Yueliang Zao, this paper points out that this structure was originated in the Jiangnan region of China and prevailed in the official architecture of Central China in the early 12th century and even far into Shanxi. Unfortunately, the technique disappeared in the Yuan and Ming Dynasties for it failed to integrate itself into the construction system of official architecture in Northern China. On the contrary, this architectural practice from the south of the Yangtze River was absorbed actively in the building of folk houses in Southeast Shanxi and used until the Ming and Qing Dynasties. While tracing the origin of Lan'e Yueliang Zao in folk houses in Southeast Shanxi, this paper further interprets the features of the official architecture in Central China during the Song and Jin Dynasties as well as the process and method that building technique of Jiangnan and Bianliang transferred northward between Song and Jin Dynasties.
