域外规制知识产权诉讼威胁的立法研究现状与趋势
张小号

(西安外国语大学 高级翻译学院,陕西 西安 710128)

域外; 知识产权; 诉讼威胁; 立法规制

A Research on Extraterritorial Legislation to Regulate the Threat of Intellectual Property Litigation: Status quo and Trends
ZHANG Xiao-hao

(School of Translation Studies, Xi'an International Studies University, Xi'an 710128, China)

extraterritorial; intellectual property; threat of litigation; legislative regulation

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2022.04.011

备注

知识产权诉讼威胁(或曰侵权警告)是一把双刃剑:它是一种方便快捷且成本低廉的查明和制止侵权的方式,但恶意发送知识产权诉讼威胁,会侵犯相对人与利害关系人的正当权益、挑战交易安全、妨碍创新,由此引发的诉讼进一步加重了审判压力。由于立法对知识产权诉讼威胁直接规制的缺失,不仅无法发挥诉讼威胁的工具价值,而且导致恶意发送诉讼威胁现象频现。在认清反不正当竞争法应对知识产权诉讼威胁的不足后,以英国和澳大利亚为代表的部分英美法国家开始在知识产权法中探索有针对性的规制方案。在立法进路上,代表性国家经历了分散型立法模式的阵痛后,统一修订模式开始浮出水面; 在具体措施上,稳定的立法规制生态系统形成后,代表性国家不断出台创新性举措,取得了良好的效果。域外立法规制知识产权诉讼威胁的守正与出新,对其他国家具有直接的借鉴意义。
Intellectual property litigation threat(also known as“infringement warning”)is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it is a convenient and cost-effective way to identify and stop IP infringement. On the other hand, the malicious IP litigation threats would infringe upon the legitimate rights and interests of the counterpart and interested parties, challenge the transaction security and hinder the innovation, and the litigation thus triggered would raise the pressure of trial. Due to the lack of proper legislative regulations, the instrumental value of IP litigation threats cannot be fully exerted and the malicious act of sending litigation threats becomes more and more common. Having recognized the deficiency of anti-unfair competition law in dealing with the threat of IP litigation, some Anglo-American countries, the United Kingdom and Australia being typical examples, have come to explore the targeted regulatory provisions in intellectual property laws. After experiencing the pains of the decentralized legislative mode in the legislative process, the representative countries turn to the unified modification mode. In terms of specific regulatory measures like establishing a stable legislative regulatory environment, these representative countries continue to introduce innovative measures and have achieved positive results. Keeping the right and bringing forth the new, the extraterritorial legislation to regulate the threat of IP litigation would provide direct reference to other countries.
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