文学语言：从虚构事件到社会行动-西安建筑科技大学学报（社会科学版）

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摘要:: 传统文论认为文学借助语言符号虚构社会事件来描述世界，表达情感，因而具有虚指性。以奥斯汀、塞尔为代表的言语行为理论则认为，说话就是做事，文学语言具有述行性，是一种社会行动。言语行为理论为文学语言研究提供了新的视角，以此为切入点，深入挖掘文学语言的新特质，将文学语言放置在社会大语境中去审视，开启文学语言研究的行为之维。文学语言不仅描述事件，而且在与文学程式、规约、惯例、重复机制、读者等交互中通过虚构事件来参与社会行动，创造新的意义指涉，具有强烈的现实指向性。梳理文学语言研究的发展理路，探究文学语言的述行性特征及其内在的运行机制，恢复语言与主体行为之间的紧密联系，对重新审视语言与世界的关系、重新认识文学语言的内在属性和文学的社会功能都有着一定的启发意义。

Abstract:: The traditional literary theory holds that literature uses language symbols to make up social events to describe the world and express emotions, so it has an empty reference. The speech act theory represented by Austin and Searle believes that speaking is doing something, and literary language is a kind of social action with the nature of statement and action. Speech act theory provides a new perspective for the study of literary language. According to this theory, we can deeply explore the new characteristics of literary language, place literary language in the social context to examine, and open the behavioral dimension of literary language research. Literary language not only describes events, but also participates in social actions and creates new meaning references through fictional events in interactions with literary programs, conventions, repetition mechanisms, readers, etc. Sorting out the development theory of literary language research, exploring the narrative characteristics of literary language and its internal operating mechanism, and restoring the close relationship between language and subject behavior have certain enlightenment significance for re-examining the relationship between language and the world, understanding the internal attributes of literary language and the social function of literature.