环境司法能动的证成及在中国的展开

(西安建筑科技大学 文学院,陕西 西安710055)

环境司法能动; 必要性证成; 司法实践; 实现路径

A Study on the Environmental Judicial Activism and Its Development in China
HU Pan

(School of Literature, Language and Law, Xi'an Univ. of Arch. & Tech., Xi'an 710055 China)

environmental judicial activism; the proof of necessity; judicial practice; realization path

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2018.05.010

备注

环境司法能动的提出因应于环境司法现状与社会期待之间的矛盾,环境纠纷的特殊性、环境行政供给不足与环境风险下行政权的新变化,以及转型时期环境司法面临多元利益纠葛,为环境司法能动的开展提供了必要性证成。环境司法能动在地方法院的开展推动了原告资格认定、诉讼程序、责任认定以及执行机制等方面的创新,但同时也存在合法性与民主性基础缺失、易受地方政策主导以及司法权不当扩张而实质侵入行政权范围的问题。对此应从健全环境立法、统一司法适用尺度和转变环境司法能动的重心三个方面进行应对。

The environmental judicial activism is proposed to deal with the contradiction between the current situation of environmental justice and the social expectations. Seeing the particularity of environmental disputes, the new changes of the executive power due to the short supply in environmental administration and the environmental risks, and the disagreements of multiple interests that confront the environmental judicature during the transitional period, the environmental judicial activism is evidently necessary in China. The development of judicial activism in the local courts promotes the innovation of the plaintiff qualification, the litigation procedure, the responsibility determination and the execution mechanism, while there are also problems like the lack of the foundation of legitimacy and democracy, the policy dominance of the local government and the improper extension of judicial power to replace administrative power. The issues should be tackled by means of perfecting environmental legislation, unifying the criterion of judicial application and changing the focus of environmental judicial activism.