马祖常文风革新之功刍议

(四川师范大学 文学院,四川 成都 610066)

元代; 马祖常; 宋季; 文风革新

On the Merit of the Innovation of Ma Zu-chang's Ordinary Style of Writing
TANG Zhi-han

(College of Chinese Language and Literature, Sichuan Normal University, Cheng Du 610066, China)

Yuan dynasty; Ma Zu-chang; the last years of the Song dynasty; the innovation of the writing style

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2018.05.014

备注

文章至元,承宋季庸沓骫骳之文弊,马祖常踵武前贤,力求复古以革新。举其大端,为文法先秦两汉,推扬宗经载道、修辞立诚的文章创作宗旨,重视作者的道德树立,重构文章的刚健骨力,此其一。其二,文尚质实,不事藻饰,蕴含鲜明的现实品格,以具体的文章实践反拨宋季骫骳文风。其三,两知贡举的文化行为对于马祖常推进复古革新的文学实践有着重要意义。马祖常发挥主持科试的便宜条件,使复古革新的文学主张付诸铨选人才的具体行为之中,取录与自身文学主张相契合的进士文人,传播复古革新思想,导引元代文章步入雅正宏大之境。

Following the drawbacks of the writing style in Song Dynasty, the articles in the Yuan Dynasty are mediocre and flattering. Ma Zu-chang holds the innovative idea to imitate the predecessors and restore the ancient ways. In order to learn from the writings in the Qin Dynasty and the Han Dynasty, he upholds that the purpose of the writing is to adhere to the main idea of Confucian classics and shows the writer's true intention. He attaches the importance of the author's moral establishment and the reconstruction of writing in moral integrity. Secondly, rather than flourishing rhetoric, he advocates the plain and simple writing to convey the truth and express a vivid realistic character, thus reversing the humble writing style of Song dynasty with the concrete article practice. It is of significance for him to push the restoring and innovating writing practice that he was appointed twice as the chief examiner in charge of the imperial examination. Taking the advantage of the charge of the examination, he applies his literary view into the selection of officials and admits the literati scholars who have the same literary standpoint with him. By spreading the restoration and innovation thought, he pilots the articles in Yuan dynasty into a grand and elegant realm.