技术瓦解流动:新乡贤的动员结构分析——对一起“集体年夜饭”事件的实证研究

(1.中央民族大学 民族学与社会学学院,北京 100081; 2.中华女子学院 社会工作学院,北京 100101)

新乡贤; 集体行动; 技术驱动; 动员结构

The Disintegration of Mobility by Technology: An Analysis of New Rural Sages' Mobilization Structure——An empirical study based on an activity of collective New Year's Eve dinner
LU Su-wen1, CHEN Wei-jie2*

(1.School of Ethnology and Sociology, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; 2.School of Social Work, China Women's University, Beijing 100101, China)

rural sages; collective action; technology drive; mobilization structure

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2021.03.008

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人口大量外流给乡村建设带来一系列问题,新乡贤介入可以成为一个突破口,然而以往研究并未关注到新乡贤自身的流动性和技术在瓦解流动性上起到的作用。笔者基于江西省F村新乡贤发起的“集体年夜饭”活动的深描,借此探究新乡贤集体行动的条件和机制。研究发现,技术、文化与心理的动员条件,参与式的动员模式和基层政府与村民的支持,共同构成了新乡贤的动员结构。具体来说,新乡贤利用微信为代表的技术将村庄的熟人网与互联网进行“二网结合”搭建动员网络,留存的宗族和敬老文化以及村民对村庄的认同和对新乡贤的包容,让他们能快速、高效地发动起村庄内外资源。技术驱动下形成的参与式动员方式,基层政府和村民的支持与补充,构成了灵活的动员模式。这一集体行动解放了社会力量的同时,还能结合国家力量,增强村民归属感,再造了村庄共同体。
The large outflow of population brings a series of problems to rural construction, and the involvement of new rural sages is a breakthrough to solve them. In fact, little attention has been paid to the new rural sages' own mobility and the role that technology plays in the disintegration of population mobility in previous studies. Tracing deeply an activity of New Year's Eve dinner initiated by the new rural sages in F village of Jiangxi Province, this paper explores the condition and mechanism of the collective activity by the new rural sages. It is found that the mobilization structure of new rural sages is composed of the mobilizing condition of technology, culture and psychology, the mode of participatory mobilization and the support of the grass-roots government and villagers. Specifically, new rural sages build a mobilization network to connect the acquaintance network with the Internet by employing technology like WeChat. In this case, the surviving patriarchal clan and the culture to respect the old, the identity of villagers to the village and their approval of new rural sages enable them to mobilize the resources inside and outside the village quickly and efficiently. A flexible mobilization mode is made up of the technology-driven participatory mobilization and the support and supplement of grassroots government and villagers. This kind of collective action would unlock the social forces and integrate the state power so as to enhance villagers' sense of belonging and reinvent the village community.