认缴制下股东出资义务加速到期之法律思考——兼论《中华人民共和国公司法(修订草案)》第四十八条

(西北工业大学 公共政策与管理学院,陕西 西安 710072)

认缴制;出资义务;加速到期;公司法修订

Legal Consideration of Expedited Expiration of Shareholder's Capital Contribution Obligations under the Subscription Capital System——On article 48 of Company Law of the People's Republic of China(Revised Draft)
ZHANG Min, SHI Jia-bei

(School of Public Policy and Administration, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China)

subscription system; contribution obligation; expedited expiration; Company Law of the People's Republic of China(Revised Draft)

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2022.05.006

备注

2013年《公司法》的修订将股东出资期限列入公司自治权的范围,自此,公司不能按期清偿其债务且未进入破产程序时,是否能要求股东加速履行其未到期的出资义务,始终是学界的争议焦点。2021年12月《中华人民共和国公司法(修订草案)》的公布相较于《九民纪要》给出了更明确的回应,一方面,《草案》第四十八条肯定了“非破产加速说”,现行《公司法》出资期限规范下,为刺激市场、鼓励投资,忽视了股东出资义务的法定性及其对公司资本充实的重要性,造成股东、债权人、公司及其他利益相关者之间的利益失衡。另一方面,该条规范对如何实施非破产加速制度并未展开,基于此,从该程序启动、执行和救济三个方面进行梳理,为完善非破产情形下股东出资义务加速到期具体制度提出建议。
Company Law of the People's Republic of China(2013 Amendment)brought the time limit of shareholders' capital contribution into the scope of the company autonomy. Since then, academic circles have always been debating whether shareholders can be required to accelerate the performance of their undue capital contribution obligations when a company fails to meet its debts obligations on schedule and does not enter bankruptcy proceedings. Compared with Minutes of the National Court's Civil and Commercial Trial Work Conference, Company Law of the People's Republic of China(Revised Draft) issued in December 2021 makes a more explicit provision. Article 48 affirms the opinion of “non-bankruptcy acceleration theory”, and the current capital contribution period defined in Company Law is aimed at stimulating market and encouraging investment. In fact, it ignores the legitimacy of shareholders' capital contribution obligations and the importance of company capital enrichment and will lead to unbalanced interests among shareholders, creditors, companies and others. In addition, the provision does not mention how to implement the “non-bankruptcy acceleration” system. In this context, the paper discusses the procedure in terms of initiation, implementation and legal remedy to propose improvements of the specific system of expedited expiration of shareholder's capital contribution obligations under non-bankruptcy.
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