唐五代泉州城空间格局与规划方法研究

(清华大学 建筑学院,北京 100084)

空间形态; 布局模式; 规划方法; 治所城市; 规划遗产

A Research on the Spatial Structure and Planning Method of Quanzhou City in the Tang and the Five Dynasties
YE Ya-le, WU Ting-hai

(School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China)

spatial structure; loyout mode; planning method; city administration; planning heritage

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2022.06.006

备注

泉州是国家级历史文化名城,2021年成功入列《世界遗产名录》,城市规划研究对于遗产价值认知具有重要意义。梳理唐五代泉州城重大建设事件,划分规划建设阶段; 考证各时期的城墙、城门、街道和关键要素位置,揭示泉州城四个阶段的空间格局。发现唐五代泉州城的关键要素以应门为中心、以50步为模数,呈环状或十字分布,空间格局呈现出明显的整体性; 轴线和中心位置与周围山川和场地地形具有紧密关联,体现出山、水、城一体的特点。基于古代城市规画理论,总结唐五代泉州城“立极-正向-计里-为规-布局”的规划方法。建议加强泉州城市遗产的整体保护,突出规划遗产价值,将相关自然要素纳入保护体系之中。
Quanzhou, a famous historical and cultural city, was successfully inscribed on the World Heritage List in 2021. It is significant to study its urban planning to understand its heritage value. The planning and construction stages of Quanzhou City in the Tang and the Five Dynasties could be divided according to the construction events and the textual research of city walls, city gates, streets and other key architectural elements reveals the spatial structure of Quanzhou City in four phases. It is found that the key elements were distributed in rings or crosses with Yingmen Gate as the center and 50 bu(about 76.5 meters) as the modulus and the spatial pattern shows an obvious integrity. The urban axis line and center are constructed in harmony with the topographical landscape, thus embodying the features of mountain, water and city as a whole. Based on the planning theory of ancient Chinese cities, the paper indicates that the planning of Quanzhou in the Tang and Five Dynasties followed the pattern of “center selection, orientation adaption, grid arrangement, circular distribution and structure determination”. It is proposed that an overall protection of the city heritage of Quanzhou should be enhanced by highlighting the heritage value of the planning and incorporating relevant natural elements into the protection system.
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