口头诗学与文学伦理学批评——关于“文学文本论”的思考

(陕西理工大学 人文学院,陕西 汉中 723000)

文学伦理学批评; 文学文本; 口头诗学; 文学本质

Oral Poetics and Ethical Literary Criticism——A reflection on “literary text theory”
ZHOU Hong-jun, XU Xiang-yang

(School of Humanities, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong 723000, China)

ethical literary criticism; literary text; oral poetics; the essence of literature

DOI: 10.15986/j.1008-7192.2023.04.011

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文学伦理学批评是2004年由聂珍钊教授针对当下文学批评浮现的诸多问题提出的极具原创性的文学批评方法论,至今已在国内外学界产生广泛影响。文学伦理学批评注重基础理论研究,具备理论的创新性与统一性,“文学文本论”是文学伦理学批评的基础理论之一。在对文学本质的研究中“文学文本论”将文学定义为“文本艺术”,创造性地提出了“脑文本”等文本概念来解决文学形态等基本理论问题。但文学伦理学批评中的“文本”主要指狭义上的“文字文本”,忽视了发生学意义上以语言为基础的“口头文本”,限制了文学伦理学批评的研究范围和研究对象。同时文学伦理学批评将“脑文本”看作口头文学的文本,一定程度上不完全符合口头文本的产生、传播、接受规律,不能科学全面地描述文学现象、揭示文学本质。利用跨学科方法与视角,运用“口头诗学”等理论分析“文学文本论”对“文学形态”“文本类型”“文学本质”等问题的理解,或许可以弥合文学伦理学批评“文本”和“语言”的断裂,促进文学伦理学批评“文学文本论”理论完善,为文学伦理学批评在人类学、民俗学等领域进行跨学科研究提供镜鉴。
Ethical literary criticism is a highly original literary criticism methodology developed by Professor Nie Zhenzhao in 2004 in response to many issues emerging in the current literary criticism, which has gained widespread influence in the academic circles home and abroad. Ethical literary criticism pays attention to the basic theoretical research, and has a theory of innovation and unity. Literary text theory is one of the basic theories of Ethical literary criticism. In the study of the essence of literature, the “literary text theory” defines literature as “text art” and creatively puts forward the concept of “brain text” to solve the basic theoretical issues like literary form. However, the “text” in ethical literary criticism mainly refers to the narrow sense of “literal text”, excluding the language-based “oral text” in the embryological sense, which confines the scope and object of ethical literary criticism. Besides, ethical literary criticism regards “brain text” as the text of oral literature, which is not fully in line with the production, dissemination and acceptance of oral texts, and cannot scientifically and comprehensively describe literary phenomena and reveal the essence of literature. With interdisciplinary methods and perspectives, the paper discusses oral poetics and other theories and analyzes the understanding of “literary text theory” on “literary form”, “text type” and “literary essence” to bridge the gap between “text” and “language” in ethical literary criticism. It would promote the theoretical perfection of “literary text theory” in ethical literary criticism and provide reference for interdisciplinary research of ethical literary criticism in anthropology, folklore and other fields.
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